Category: Academic

One Unit (1955-1970) | A threat to Federalism and the reaction of Sindh

Athar Hussain
One Unit 1955-1970 East Pakistan West Pakistan

Abstract Pakistan has been a multiethnic state with varieties of languages, cultures and living styles since its inception. In this perplexing nature, federalism was only optioned to keep people united. But that too was not acceptable to the ruling oligarchy, for a true form of federalism would pave the way for Bengali supremacy owing to their large population which consisted 55% of the whole population. So, in order to suppress them (Bengalis), the scheme of One Unit was proposed. The story of One Unit is known as dark pages in…

Biomedical Engineering | an emerging field in Pakistan

Rehmatullah
Scope of biomedical Engineering in Pakistan

Biomedical Engineering | Gofrixty | Field selection is one of the most critical decisions for any student. Their decision decide their future so one needs to be optimistic about it. A field opted by the student must be according to his interest so that this may pay a way to explore new things and ideas in that particular field. There come across situations where children are compelled by their parents to opt for a field and as a result, they may fail to get the desired outcome. Besides many other…

How do governments cover the costs of running their healthcare systems?

Sanaullah Abro
Healthcare system

Cost of running healthcare systems | Gofrixty | To look for a better health care system in a country for its public is one of the most important jobs of any government of a state or a sovereign country. The government provide a better healthcare system once they are well equipped with the available knowledge and the budget to cover the cost of running an efficient and effective health care system. Governments are able to cover the costs of running their healthcare systems in three significant ways. These three ways…

Structure of COVID-19 – How does it get into Human Body? | Scholarly article

Osama Shaukat
Structure of COVID-19

To understand the Structure of COVID-19, let’s first look at the little background of its origin. Coronavirus-2 was originated in Wuhan, a smaller city in the Hubei Province of China. It then spread to the other parts of the world, and in March 2020, it was declared a pandemic by WHO. The Structure of COVID-19 is consist of various protein enzymes. These are namely, Spike Glycoprotein or S-Protein, Positive-Sense RNA Strand and N (Nucleus) Protein, Envelope, M or Membrane Protein, E or Envelope Protein. As you may see in the…

How does USA differ from other countries in its approach to healthcare insurance coverage? What are Medicare and Medicaid?

Sanaullah Abro
Medicare and Medicaid

Whats are the concepts of Medicare and Medicaid? How does USA differ from other countries in its approach to healthcare insurance coverage? This will all be discussed and briefly explained in this post. The country that is awarded to spend the most on health each year by far is The United States. The USA has a health care system that is varied and unique among the other high-income countries as it is not a universal health coverage system. If we look into the practical approaches that how people react against…

Consumer buying behaviour | Collaborative Activity

Sanaullah Abro
consumer buying behaviour collaborative activity

Consumer buying behaviour | Products! Whether it is a book, DVD, a video game, clothes, furniture, food & drinks and even a car, these products are more than just material possessions or tools we own but rather is an extension of self. They are what identifies me and others, who I am, who I want to be and where I belong. Marketing professionals, therefore, endeavour to better their chances by creating and advertising products that contribute to one’s unique identity. For this reason, the study of consumer behaviour is important…

Co-insurance, Out-Of-Pocket Expenses, Private Insurance, & Public Insurance

Sanaullah Abro
Co-insurance, Out-Of-Pocket Expenses, Private Insurance, & Public Insurance

In this article, four concepts of the healthcare insurance systems including Co-insurance, Out-Of-Pocket Expenses, Private Insurance, & Public Insurance are discussed and explained briefly. Let’s get started with the definition of Co-Insurance in terms of healthcare insurance system followed globally.   Co-insurance in terms of healthcare insurance system A percentage of the costs of care that an insured patient has paid out-of-pocket is called Co insurance. Out-Of-Pocket Expenses in terms of healthcare insurance system The costs for medical care which are not supposed to be reimbursed by insurance are called…

Common Problems Encountered During Production of Recombinant Proteins and their Solutions

Osama Shaukat
Production of Recombinant Proteins

Introduction Recombinant Protein Recombinant protein is a modified form of protein, which is generated in many ways to produce large quantities of proteins, alter gene sequences and produce useful commercial products. The formation of recombinant protein is carried out in specialized vehicles known as vectors. Recombinant protein is a protein encoded by a gene — recombinant DNA — that has been cloned in a system that supports the expression of the gene and the translation of messenger RNA. Proteins co-expressed in bacteria will not have post-translational modifications, e.g. phosphorylation or…

Bioprocessing of VLPs used in vaccine production

Osama Shaukat
Bioprocessing of VLPs used to produce veccines

History of VLPs: (As compounds of advanced vaccine Strategies) Bioprocessing of VLPs | Gofrixty | Previous to 1969 anti-viral vaccines were either derived from inactivated viruses such as rabies vaccine, attenuated strains of pathogenic wild type viruses such as (yellow fever or poliovirus) or they were using non-pathogenic viral strains to persuade a defending immune response against pathogen family members like a vaccine of smallpox containing harmless vaccinia virus. Since then particles based on HBsAg were firstly revealed in the blood samples of patients infected with HBV and soon were…

What is Deductible & Copay in terms of healthcare insurance system?

Sanaullah Abro
What is Deductible & Copay

Both deductible & Copay are key terms to understand as they have wide use in the healthcare insurance system globally. The concepts of both the terms are discussed below in their respective headings. Deductible in terms of healthcare insurance system The amount that must be spent by an insured person out-of-pocket on health care every year, in addition to the extra premium, well before the insurance company starts to pay for health care services is called Deductible. Keep Reading: What is Universal Health Coverage? What is health system? What is…